Sovereign State
Inside: South Africa
Kingdom of Lesotho
A mountainous constitutional monarchy enclosed by South Africa. Features a complete 1,106 km continuous border with a single country.
Sovereign State
Inside: Italy
Most Serene Republic of San Marino
An ancient enclave nestled on the slopes of Mount Titano in north-central Italy, governed continuously by two Captains Regent.
Sovereign Sacerdotal State
Inside: Rome, Italy
Vatican City State (Holy See)
A walled sovereign sacerdotal-monarchical state entirely within Rome, Italy, established by the historic 1929 Lateran Treaty.
Enclave & Counter-Enclave
Inside: Netherlands & Belgium
Baarle-Hertog & Baarle-Nassau
A mesmerizing matrix of 22 Belgian parcels inside the Dutch province of North Brabant, with 7 internal Dutch second-order pockets.
Historic Exclave
Inside: France
Llívia (Spanish Exclave)
A Spanish municipality surrounded by the French department of Pyrénées-Orientales, granted special neutral road status to Puigcerdà.
Sub-National Enclave
Inside: Switzerland
Campione d'Italia
Italian municipality separated from the Italian mainland by Lake Lugano and mountains, fully enclosed by the Swiss Canton of Ticino.